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USPSTF search
Everything you need to know about screening,
Cancer,
Depression,
HIV screening,
Hypertension,
Diebetes,
Hyperlipidemia,
Hepatitis,
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm,
etc
Enter the information to retrieve recommendations from the USPSTF Database.
Cancer Screen
Cervical Cancer
- Female age 21 to 29, Pap smear every 3 years
- Female age 30 to 65, Either pap smear every 3 years or hrHPV test every 5 years; recommend co-testing (pap smear plus hrHPV) screening every 5 years
- Female older than 65, no routine screening for a history of 3 consecutive times of negative pap smear or 2 consecutive times of negative co-testing
Breast Cancer
- Female age 40 to 74
- Methods: digital mammogram every 2 years; or digital mammogram every 1 year for an individual with high risks
- Why: early detection can decrease mortality: 90 % survival rate in stage I breast cancer while a 10% survival rate in stage IV breast cancer
- Genetic testing (BRCA 1/2): People with a family history of cervical cancer, breast cancer or BRCA related cancer will require risk assessment by using screening stool (B-RST, FHS-7); High-risk people require BRCA 1/2 genetic testing
- Early and frequent screening for people with positive BRCA 1/2, or medication prevention, as well as prophylactic surgery
Lung Cancer
- Age 50 to 80 years with a heavy smoking history (20 pack-year)
- Low dose CT chest annually
- Why: Lung cancer is the 3rd common cancer but the highest mortality in the US. The study shows a 5-year survival rate for stage I NSCLC close to 65% but only 10-15% for stage III to stage IV NSCLC
- Prevention: Stop smoking!
Liver Cancer
- Recommend abdominal sonogram every 6 months for liver cirrhosis patients; Abdominal sonogram every 3 months for nodules over 1 cm
- Four-phase CT of abdomen correlate with a clinical presentation for liver cancer diagnosis
- Liver cancer treatment options: Surgery-liver resection! Not just for solitary HCC but also for other cancer type metastasize to the liver. Other options include Radiofrequency ablation, Microwave ablation, Transarterial chemoembolization, Transarterial radioembolization, Percutaneous ethanol injection, External beam radiation therapy or target therapy with Sorafenib
- Prognosis: the 5-year survival rate of 40-70% in early-stage liver cancer
Prevention: Hepatitis B vaccination, ETOH and smoking cessation, lifestyle modification, prompt treatment for hepatitis C
Colon Cancer
- Age above 45
- Age 40 for positive family history of colorectal cancer or 10 years earlier than the age of onset from the first-degree generation
- Methods: Colonoscopy every 10 years (Invasive)
Cologuard every 3 years (non-invasive)
Guiac test every year (non-invasive)
- Recommend Colonoscopy for positive Guiac test or Cologuard test
Prostate Cancer
- Objects: people age 55 to 80 years
- Methods: check PSA every 2 to 4 years, normal range: 2.5-4 ng/mL
- Risk factors: age, ethics (Black), family history of prostate cancer, tobacco, a diet high in red meat and animal fat, and low in vegetables
- Conditions for false-positive PSA: urinary tract infection, high intense activity, sexual activity, and certain medications
Thyroid Cancer
- The incidence has increased by 4.5% per year over the last 10 years, faster than for any other cancer. The estimated 5-year survival rate is 98% (55% for distant and 99% for localized)
- The USPSTF found inadequate evidence to screen for thyroid cancer in asymptomatic persons
- Risk factors h/o radiation exposure as a child, persons with a diet low in iodine, family history of thyroid cancer
- Ultrasound if hoarseness, pain, difficulty swallowing or persons who have lumps, swelling, asymmetry of the neck, or other reasons for a neck examination
- Treatment: Surgery (ie, total or partial thyroidectomy) or radioactive iodine therapy
Gastric cancer
Asian population is the high risk population
Check for H.pylori
Other screening
Osteoporosis
- Age above 65 or below 65 with risk factors
- Risk factors: low BMI (<19), alcohol, tobacco, long-term oral or injectable steroid, history of fracture, history of fall in the last year
- Screening tool: Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX)
- Method: DEXA scan
Central DEXA scan: performed on the lower spine and hip
Peripheral DEXA scan: performed around the ankle
- Why women: The condition of osteoporosis is 4 times in women than men.
- Male: above 70 or 50-69 with risk factors per NOF
- Prevention: weight-bearing exercise, muscle-strengthening exercise, Yoga, Pilates
- When to start treatment: 10-year risk of hip fracture higher than 3% or 10-year risk of a major osteoporosis-related fracture higher than 20% per FRAX
HCV
- WHO goal, elimination of HCV infection by 2030
- The overall US prevalence rate for HCV infection is estimated to be 1%
- Universal HCV screening at least once in all adults and during each pregnancy
- Direct-acting antivirals are approved by the FDA for children aged 3 years or older
HIV
- Age 13-65 or individuals with high risks
- Pregnant persons
- Blood testing